Grain-Based Ethanol Drives India’s E20 Blending Success
Maize has emerged as India’s largest source of ethanol used in petrol blending, overtaking sugarcane-based feedstock as the country strengthens its biofuel supply chain. Latest industry data shows that maize contributed 36% of total ethanol supplied for petrol blending, while sugarcane accounted for 33%.
The shift highlights India’s growing dependence on grain-based ethanol as it expands fuel blending and reduces reliance on sugarcane, a water-intensive crop that can be affected by drought and seasonal production cycles.
India has already achieved its target of blending 20% ethanol with petrol, known as E20, five years ahead of the original deadline. The achievement is being supported by a wider range of ethanol feedstocks, including maize, rice, damaged foodgrains and sugarcane derivatives.
Grain Ethanol Accounts for Two-Thirds of Petrol Blending Supply
During the first eight months of the current ethanol supply year, grain-based ethanol made up nearly two-thirds of total supplies delivered to oil marketing companies.
From November 1 to June, total ethanol supply reached around 717 crore litres against contracted volumes of approximately 1,048 crore litres. This represents an overall supply achievement of about 68%.
Of the total ethanol supplied, grain-based ethanol contributed nearly 480 crore litres, accounting for around 67% of the overall volume. This was higher than the approximately 60% share recorded during the previous year.
Sugarcane-based ethanol contributed around 238 crore litres during the same period, while maize-based ethanol alone reached nearly 258 crore litres.
Maize Leads Grain-Based Ethanol Production
Within the grain-based ethanol category, maize has become the dominant raw material. It accounted for nearly 53.75% of total grain ethanol supplies, followed by rice and other foodgrain-based sources.
Ethanol produced from surplus rice supplied through Food Corporation of India stocks reached around 177 crore litres during the period. Damaged foodgrains contributed nearly 45 crore litres, representing about 6.2% of the total ethanol supplied for blending.
The growing use of maize and rice is helping India create a more stable ethanol ecosystem by ensuring that distilleries have access to feedstock beyond the sugarcane crushing season.
Sugarcane Still Plays a Major Role in India’s Ethanol Programme
Despite maize taking the top position, sugarcane remains an important contributor to India’s ethanol blending programme.
Among sugarcane-based ethanol sources, sugarcane juice contributed around 144 crore litres, while B-heavy molasses added nearly 82 crore litres. These feedstocks continue to support ethanol production in major sugar-producing states.
However, sugarcane output can fluctuate due to rainfall patterns, drought conditions and competing demand for sugar production. The diversification of feedstocks is therefore expected to reduce supply disruptions and improve year-round ethanol availability.
Biofuel Policy Encourages Feedstock Diversification
The government has expanded the range of approved ethanol feedstocks through amendments to the National Biofuel Policy. Maize, rice and other grains were included to support higher ethanol production and reduce pressure on sugarcane-based supplies.
India initially allowed grain-based ethanol production under the National Biofuel Policy introduced in 2018. At that time, grain ethanol represented only a small share of the country’s total blending supply.
In 2018-19, grain-based ethanol accounted for only around 0.5% of ethanol used for petrol blending. The rapid rise in maize and rice-based ethanol production reflects the significant transformation of India’s biofuel sector over the past few years.
Higher Ethanol Blends and Flex-Fuel Vehicles Could Drive Next Growth Phase
With the E20 target already achieved, the ethanol industry is now looking towards higher blending levels, flex-fuel vehicles, ethanol-diesel blending and next-generation biofuels.
A diversified ethanol supply chain is expected to support India’s energy security, reduce crude oil import dependence and create additional demand for agricultural produce. The increasing role of maize in ethanol production may also open new opportunities for farmers, grain processors and distilleries across the country.
As India moves beyond E20 petrol, policy support for advanced biofuels and higher ethanol blends will be important to fully utilise the production capacity created by the industry.




